PSG has now claimed the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.